See:
Wikipedia.
Events:
January 30 - The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched.
February 1 - Julia Ward Howe's "Battle Hymn of the Republic" is published for the first
time (Atlantic Monthly).
February 6 - American Civil War: Ulysses S. Grant gives the United States its first victory
of the war, by capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee.
February 15 - American Civil War: General Ulysses S. Grant attacks Fort Donelson,
Tennessee and captures it the next day.
March 8 - American Civil War: The iron-clad CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is
launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia.
March 9 - American Civil War: First battle between two ironclad warships USS Monitor v
CSS Virginia.
March 28 - American Civil War: Battle of Glorieta Pass - In New Mexico Union forces
succeed in stoping the Confederate invasion of New Mexico territory. The battle began
on March 26.
April 5 - American Civil War: Battle of Yorktown - The battle begins when Union forces
under General George McClellan close in on the Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia.
April 6 - American Civil War: In Tennessee, the Battle of Shiloh begins.
April 7 - American Civil War: Battle of Shiloh - Union Army under General Ulysses S.
Grant defeat the Confederates near Shiloh, Tennessee.
May 5 - Battle of Puebla, Mexican General Ignacio Zaragoza defeats the French Army;
commemorated as the Cinco de Mayo.
May 11 - American Civil War: The ironclad CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River
northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
May 15 - President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the United States Bureau
of Agriculture (later renamed USDA).
May 20 - President
Abraham Lincoln signs the Homestead Act into law.
July 1 - Marriage of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, second daughter of Queen
Victoria to Prince Louis of Hesse and the Rhine.
July 16 - American Civil War: David G. Farragut becomes the first United States Navy
rear admiral.
July 19 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate
General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of
his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
July 23 - American Civil War: Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
August 5 - American Civil War: Battle of Baton Rouge - Along the Mississippi River near
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops drive Union forces back into the city.
August 6 - American Civil War: The Confederate ironclad CSS Arkansas is scuttled
on the Mississippi River after suffering damage in a battle with the USS Essex near
Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
August 9 - American Civil War: Battle of Cedar Mountain - At Cedar Mountain,
Virginia, Confederate General Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats Union forces under
General John Pope.
August 17 - Indian Wars: Lakota (Sioux) uprising begins in Minnesota as
desperate Lakota attack white settlements along the Minnesota River. They will be
overwhelmed by the US military six weeks later.
August 19 - Indian Wars: During an uprising in Minnesota, Lakota warriors decide not
to attack heavily-defended Fort Ridgely and instead turn to the settlement of New
Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.
August 28-August 30 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Bull Run.
September 1 - American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly - Confederate General
Robert E. Lee leads his forces in an attack on retreating Union troops in Chantilly,
Virginia, driving them away.
September 2 - American Civil War: President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores
Union General George McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous
defeat at the Battle of Second Bull Run.
September 5 - American Civil War: In the Confederacy's first invasion of the North,
General Robert E. Lee leads 55,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia across the
Potomac River at White's Ford near Leesburg, Virginia into Maryland.
September 17 - Union forces defeat Confederate troops at the battle of Antietam,
in the bloodiest day in the American Civil War (with over 20,000 casualties).
September 22 -
Otto von Bismarck becomes prime minister of Prussia.
September 29 - Bismarck's "Blood and Iron" speech.
October 8 - American Civil War: Battle of Perryville - Union forces under General Don
Carlos Buell halt the Confederate invasion of Kentucky by defeating troops
led by General Braxton Bragg at Perryville, Kentucky.
October 11 - American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate
General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania,
during a raid into the north.
November 5 - American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George McClellan
as commander of the Union Army.
November 5 - Indian Wars: In Minnesota, more than 300 Santee Sioux are found
guilty of rape and murder of white settlers and are sentenced to hang.
November 14 - American Civil War: Union President Abraham Lincoln approves
General Ambrose Burnside's plan to capture the Confederate capital at Richmond,
Virginia (this led to a dramatic Union defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg
on December 13).
November 28 - American Civil War: Battle of Cane Hill - Union troops led by
General John Blunt push back Confederate forces commanded by General John
Marmaduke into northwestern Arkansas' Boston Mountains.
December 30 - The USS Monitor sinks off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
December 31 - American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West
Virginia to the Union (thus dividing Virginia in two).
Richard Jordan Gatling patents the Gatling gun.
The United States passes the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act.
Births:
January 11 -
Jacoba de Voogd.
January 24 -
Edith Wharton, writer.
January 29 -
Frederick Delius, composer (+ 1934).
February 4 -
George Ernest Morrison, Australian adventurer/journalist (+ 1920).
February 12 -
Johanna van den Houten.
March 8 -
George Frederick Phillips, military hero (+ 1904).
March 12 -
Jane Delano, founder, American Red Cross Nursing Service (+ 1919).
March 17 -
Silvio Gesell, economist (+ 1930).
March 25 -
Aukje Zwaal.
March 28 -
Aristide Briand, politician, winner of the Nobel Prize in peace 1926 (+ 1932).
April 13 -
Neeltje van den Houten.
May 15 -
Arthur Schnitzler, dramatist and narrator (+ 1931).
June 12 -
Plona Holleman.
August 22 -
Claude Debussy, French composer.
August 29 -
Andrew Fisher, fifth Prime Minister of Australia (+ 1928).
September 8 -
Leendert van den Houten.
September 14 -
Pleuntje van den Houten.
September 25 -
Billy Hughes, seventh Prime Minister of Australia (+ 1952).
September 28 -
Adriana Hodde.
October 11 -
Maria Pieternella van den Houten.
December 8 -
Georges Feydeau, French playwright.
December 12 -
Johanna van den Houten.
December 28 -
Leendert Quant.
Deaths:
January 10 -
Samuel Colt, inventor.
January 18 -
John Tyler, former President of the United States, member of the
Congress of the Confederate States of America.
February 19 -
Jacob van den Houten.
April 7 -
Paulina van den Houten.
April 7 -
Willem van Splunder.
May 5 -
Tannetje van den Houten.
May 22 -
Cornelia van den Houten.
May 28 -
Neeltje van den Houten.
July 24 -
Martin Van Buren, eighth president of the United States.
August 10 -
Shusaku Honinbo, Go player.
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