See:
Wikipedia.
Events:
January 1 -
Benito Juarez captures Mexico City.
January 2 -
Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by
Wilhelm I.
January 3 - American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States.
January 9 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding
the American Civil War.
January 10 - Florida secedes from the United States.
January 11 - Alabama secedes from the United States.
January 14 -
Mehmed VI, future Ottoman sultan.
January 18 - Georgia joins the Confederacy.
January 21 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.
January 26 - American Civil War: Louisiana secedes from the Union.
January 29 - Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.
February 1 - American Civil War: Texas secedes from the United States.
February 4 - American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama the Confederate States of
America is formed by delegates from six break-away United States.
February 8 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America are formed.
February 9 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President of the
Confederate States of America by the Confederate convention at Montgomery, Alabama.
February 11 - American Civil War: US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing
non-interference with slavery in any state.
February 18 - In Montgomery, Alabama Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the first and only
President of the Confederate States of America.
February 18 - Victor Emmanuel of Savoy becomes King of Italy.
February 19 - Serfdom is abolished in Russia.
February 23 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, DC after an
assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.
February 27 - A crowd in Warsaw protesting Russian rule over Poland is fired upon by
Russian troops killing five protesters.
February 28 - Colorado is organized as a United States territory.
March 2 - Nevada is organized as a United States territory.
March 4 - Abraham Lincoln succeeds James Buchanan as President of the United States.
The "Stars and Bars" is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.
March 11 - The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
March 17 - Proclamation of the kingdom of Italy.
March 19 - First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand.
April 12 - United States Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
April 27 - President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the United
States.
April 27 - American Civil War: West Virginia secedes from Virginia.
May 6 - American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
May 7 - American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union.
May 8 - American Civil War: Richmond, Virginia is named the capital of the
Confederate States of America.
May 13 - American Civil War: Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation
of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
May 20 - American Civil War: Kentucky proclaims its neutrality which will last until
September 3 when Confederate forces enter the state. North Carolina secedes
from the United States.
July 21 - American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run - At Manassas Junction,
Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins (Confederate victory).
July 25 - American Civil War: The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the United
States Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to
end slavery.
July 26 - American Civil War: George McClellan assumes command of the Army
of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
August 5 - American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United
States government issues the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861
(3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872).
September 3 - American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral
Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
September 6 - American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant
bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control the mouth
of the Tennessee River.
October 21 - American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff - Union forces under Colonel
Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the
war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting.
October 31 - American Civil War: Citing failing health, Union General Winfield Scott
resigns as Commander of the United States Army.
November 1 - American Civil War: US President Abraham Lincoln appoints George
McClellan as commander of the Union Army, replacing the aged General Winfield Scott.
November 2 - American Civil War: Western Department Union General John C. Fremont
is relieved of command and replaced by David Hunter.
November 6 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the
Confederate States of America.
November 7 - American Civil War: Battle of Belmont - In Belmont, Missouri, Union
forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced
to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
November 8 - American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" - The USS San Jacinto stops
the United Kingdom mail ship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, James
Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
November 21 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis
appoints Judah Benjamin secretary of war.
Kansas becomes 34th state in the United States.
Victor Emmanuel becomes first king of Italy.
Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Abd-ul-Mejid (1839-1861) to
Abd-ul-Aziz (1861-1876).
Sir William Crookes discovers Thallium (see Discovery of the chemical elements).
Ioan Kasatkin landed on Hakodate and introduced the Eastern Orthodox into Japan.
Births:
January 2 -
Catherina (Kitty) Troast.
January 14 - Sultan
Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire (+ 1926).
January 25 -
Jozina Hubertina van den Houten.
February 8 -
Willemina Lena van den Houten.
February 12 -
Lou Andreas-Salome, author (+ 1937).
February 26 - King
Ferdinand of Bulgaria (+ 1948).
February 27 -
Rudolf Steiner, anthroposoph (+ 1925).
April 3 -
Jan van den Houten.
April 12 -
Jan van den Houten.
April 13 -
Adriaantje van den Houten.
April 15 -
Bliss Carman, poet.
April 21 -
Hendrik de Meris.
May 6 -
Rabindranath Tagore.
May 31 -
Cornelia Berman.
June 16 -
Cornelia Quant.
June 30 -
Hermanus Tolenaars.
July 2 -
Adriaantje van den Houten.
August 16 -
Jacomijna van den Houten.
August 20 -
Elizabeth Landman.
September 7 -
Aren Kamerling.
October 15 -
Cornelia van den Houten.
October 17 -
Jacoba Maria van den Houten.
October 30 -
Antoine Bourdelle, sculptor.
November 6 -
James Naismith, inventor of basketball.
November 10 -
Johannes Smits.
December 4 -
Willem van Splunder.
December 8 -
Georges Méliès , French film director, allegedly the first.
December 16 -
Antonio de La Gandara, painter.
December 20 -
Ivana Kobilca, Slovene painter (+ 1926).
Son, Byong-Hi, one of the leaders of the Samil, or March 1st Movement in Korea.
Deaths:
January 2 -
Friedrich Wilhelm IV, king of Prussia.
January 11 -
Maria Brouwers.
January 17 -
Lola Montez (adventurer).
April 19 -
Johannis Luikaart.
May 22 -
Maatje van den Houten.
June 25 -
Abd-ul-Mejid, Ottoman sultan.
July 4 -
Jan van den Houten.
July 25 -
Jonas Furrer, Swiss Federal Councilor.
August 4 -
Aren van der Vlugt.
August 29 -
Wilhelmus de Voogd.
September 13 -
Maria Tona Berman.
November 23 -
Jozina Hubertina van den Houten.
December 14 -
Jan van Splunteren.
December 14 - Prince
Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prince Consort, husband
of Queen Victoria.
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