See:
Wikipedia.
Events:
January 2 - Erastus Beadle publishes The Dime Book of Practical Etiquette.
February 14 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
April 25 - Ground is broken for the Suez Canal.
May 30 - Piedmontese defeat the Austrian army at Palestro.
June 24 - Battle of Solferino (Battle of the Three Sovereigns) Sardinia and Napoleon III
of France defeat Franz Josef I of Austria in northern Italy.
July 4 - Franco-Piedmontese War: The Battle of Magenta.
July 6 - Queen Victoria signs Letters Patent making Queensland into a separate colony.
July 11 - Austrian Emperor Franz Josef, faced with expensive war against Piedmont and
revolution in Hungary, meets Napoleon III at Villfranca. Since the death of Metternich in
1858, he negotiates personally. Hostilities ceases, partly due to Napoleon's fear of the
Nationalism in Italy.
August 27 - Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in the United States, near Titusville,
Pennsylvania.
September 17 - Joshua A. Norton proclaims himself "Emperor of These United States".
October 12 - Self-described "Emperor of the United States" Joshua A. Norton 'orders'
the United States Congress to dissolve.
October 16 - John Brown raids Harper's Ferry in Virginia, the signal for a general slave
rebellion.
October 18 - Federal Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee overpower Brown at the
Federal arsenal.
November 1 - The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse was lighted for the
first time. Its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for nineteen miles.
November 19 - Opera "Genevieve de Brabant", composed by Jacques Offenbach, debuts
at the Theatre de Bouffes Parisians in Paris.
November 24 - British naturalist Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, a book
which argues that organisms gradually evolve through natural selection (it immediately
sold out its initial print run).
December 2 - Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16th raid
on Harper's Ferry.
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his 13-year-old son Francesco I of
the Two Sicilies.
Charles Blondel crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope.
Karl XV succeeds Oskar I as Swedish King.
Codex Sinaiticus found by Constantin von Tischendorf on his third visit to the monastery
of Santa Katerina, on Mount Sinai.
Bernhard Riemann formulates the Riemann hypothesis, one of most important open
problems of contemporary mathematics.
Solar flares first observed on the Sun by English astronomer Richard Carrington.
Brisbane declared the capital of newly-made-separate colony Queensland, Australia.
Births:
January 11 -
George Nathaniel Curzon (Lord Curzon), British statesman († 1925).
January 13 -
Karl Bleibtreu, critic († 1928).
January 27 -
Wilhelm II of Germany, last German Emperor and Prussian king († 1941).
February 1 -
Victor Herbert, composer († 1924).
February 3 -
Hugo Junkers, industrialist and aircraft designer († 1935).
February 28 -
Florian Cajori, historian of mathematics; († 1930).
March 2 -
Sholom Aleichem, novelist († 1916).
March 8 -
Kenneth Grahame, author († 1932).
March 9 -
Neeltje Kwik.
March 9 -
Lijntje Kwik.
March 26 -
Alfred Edward Housman, English poet († 1936).
March 29 -
Janna van den Houten.
April 2 -
Jan Jacobus van den Houten.
May 15 -
Pierre Curie, physicist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics 1903 († 1906).
May 20 -
Cornelis Trimp.
May 22 - Sir
Arthur Conan Doyle, British writer of the Sherlock Holmes novels († 1930).
June 1 -
Leuntje Tolenaars.
August 4 -
Knut Hamsun, author († 1952).
September 6 -
Neeltje van den Houten.
September 8 -
Leentje Tholenaars.
September 21 -
Wilhelmus de Voogd.
September 22 -
Johanna (Hanna / Janna) Houtman.
September 28 -
Martinus van den Houten.
October 8 -
Marinus Adrianus Bakker.
October 9 -
Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer († 1935).
October 17 -
Maarten van den Houten.
October 18 -
Henri Bergson, French philosopher and winner of the 1927 Nobel Prize
in literature († 1941).
October 21 -
Francesc Macià, President of Catalan Generalitat († 1933).
October 23 -
Adriana Breur.
November 12 -
Jan van Splunder.
November 17 -
Maatje van den Houten.
December 7 -
Marinus Kloote.
December 12 -
Elizabeth Cornelia van den Houten.
December 15 -
L. L. Zamenhof, Russo-Polish initiator of Esperanto († 1917).
December 22 -
Klaas van den Houten.
December 24 -
Leendert van As.
Deaths:
March 29 -
Leendert van den Houten.
May 6 -
Alexander von Humboldt, naturalist and geographer.
May 22 -
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies.
June 11 -
Clemens Metternich, Austrian politician.
September 8 -
Leentje van den Houten.
September 15 -
Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer.
September 30 -
Cornelis Rommelse.
November 27 -
Klaas van den Houten.
November 28 -
Washington Irving, American author.
December 2 -
John Brown, American abolitionist, hanged for treason.
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